because sponges cannot move around they are considered

Because Sponges Cannot Move Around They Are Considered: Understanding Water Content in Soil

The volumetric expression of water content is often used to quantify the amount of water present in soil. This can be done on both a gravimetric (g water/g soil) and volumetric (ml water/ml soil) basis. Water held within a soil is commonly referred to as its water content, which plays a crucial role in various soil processes.

Infiltration and permeability describe how water moves into and through the soil. When percolating water carries chemicals such as nitrates or pesticides, it can contaminate these underground water reservoirs. Water that percolates deep into the soil may reach a perched water table or groundwater aquifer, while also referring to the movement of water below the root zone.

This mechanism allows water to reach the subsoil and rooting zone of plants, which is essential for their growth and development. Permeability is typically rated from very rapid to very slow, with variations depending on soil texture and structure. Organic matter, such as crop residue and decaying roots, promotes aggregation and increases the development of larger soil pores, allowing water to infiltrate more easily.

Low infiltration rates can lead to ponding on level ground and runoff on sloping surfaces. Infiltration rates can range from near zero for very clayey and compacted soils to over 10 inches per hour for sandy and well-aggregated soils. Soil also serves as a storage compartment for water, with pore space acting as the conduit that allows water to infiltrate and percolate.

The movement of water into soil is called infiltration, while the downward movement of water within the soil is referred to as percolation or hydraulic conductivity. Finally, soil acts as a sponge-like entity, taking up and retaining water due to its unique properties.

Because sponges cannot move around they are considered